Conjugation of stative verbs



Study the example of a stative verb conjugation (the verb wičháša = to be a man) and then practice by choosing the proper Lakhota translation for each English sentence:

  English   Lakhota verb   Lakhota pronoun
  I am a man.   = Wičhaša.   ....ma....
  You are a man.   = Wičhaša.   ....ni....
  He is a man.   = Wičháša.   ....
  I and you are men.   = Wiúŋčhaša.   ....uŋ....
  We are men.   = Wiúŋčhašapi.   ....uŋ....pi
  You are men.   = Wičhašapi.   ....ni....pi
  They are men.   = Wičhášapi.   ....pi




Notice:
The position of the personal pronoun differs from verb to verb. Thus students have to learn it for each verb. Most Lakhota dictionaries show the position by including the form of 1st person singular of verbs, e.g.:

sápa – to be black (masápaI am black)
hokšíla – to a boy (hokšilaI am a boy)

However, some verbs which begin with a vowel have different position for the (1st plural) pronoun, which the changes to uŋk, e.g.:

olúluta – to be hot (olulutaI am hot, uŋkólulutapiwe are hot)

But this is not always so:
ípuza – to be thirsty (ímapuzaI am thirsty, ípuzapiwe are thirsty)



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